فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1399)

Cyberspace, by creating new frontiers in social communication, has created opportunities and threats for human beings. Leading research aims to identify adults' lived experiences of opportunities and threats posed by cyberspace activities. For this purpose, using Purposeful sampling of the type criterion sampling 22 email interviews with open-end questions received. The adults answered the questions in four separate clusters. For accurate data analysis The MAXQDA version 12 was used. In order to increase reliability, verifiability, and credibility of data accuracy, the methods of "inspection and review at the time of coding", "benefiting the opinions of research colleagues and getting their aproval", explaining the exact details of the data collection and analysis process", long-term involvment and triangulation were used. In the partofCyberspace Opportunities and in the family cluster, child or student and community, respectively,  “awareness of the daily news and facilitating family affairs", using daily news  increasing socialization level, and convergence with friends and "cost reduction", were identified as the most important themes. . In the component of cyberspace threats, almost all of the themes had the same weight in terms of repetition and only in both individual and family clusters, the repetition of codes related to the "waste of time" theme has been frequent. The results showed that despite the numerous opportunities of cyberspace, due to the lack of appropriate and adequate education, the threats posed by cyberspace are becoming more visible and effective and the need for comprehensive media literacy training and management of this space is felt more than ever.

One of the most prominent aspects of future studies as a social technology is to visualize the desired future and design actions to realize that future. In order to shape the future social reality of intergroup spaces, we need approaches and tools that are mainly of the cultural element. They are rooted in the common symbolic history and values of a community. One of the most important of these elements is myth. In this article, first, using tradition of qualitative research by relying on the method of reflection and observation, the role of myth in constructing future mental images has been explained. Then, the two series of TV “Aab Pariya” (Water Fairy) and “Mahalleh ye Gol o Bolbol” (Flower and Nightingale Neighborhood) are analyzed using the mythical critique method to examine the media's capacity for recreating myths. The results of this study show that the mass media, as one of the cultural bottlenecks, have a high capacity to use myths to visualize the collective good future. But the important thing is to understand the archetypes. It is also an attempt to continually recreate the myths in the story; Stories that today's and tomorrow's generations can communicate with them.

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of social networks on cultural changes and orientations according to Inglehart's Theory. Accordingly, the research sought to answer the question: Did social networks move the cultural orientations toward Ingelhart's Materialistic values or towards Post-Materialistic values? In the present study, the mixed method (content analysis and survey) was used. In the survey section, students' attitudes towards Inglehart’s Materialistic and Post-Materialistic values were measured in social networks (in 2019). Regarding the content analysis section, the content of social networks in 2019 was measured against Materialistic and Post-Materialistic values considered by Inglehart. Survey results on "user-focused values on social media" showed that 53% of students paid attention to Post-Materialistic values. The content analysis findings also showed that about 54% of the messages generated on the three social networks of Twitter, Telegram and Instagram had Post-Materialistic value. The composition of the research results showed that the content of cyberspace was in line with students' attitudes and most attention was paid to Post-Materialistic values. These findings are consistent with Inglehart's theories and show that the country's cultural course coincides with changes in global culture.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of comparing sincere relationships between Internet-dependent and non-Internet-dependent users among students of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran in 1397. The research method is descriptive and survey technique and a questionnaire measurement tool has been used to do it. Findings showed that the amount and type of intimate relationships between Internet-dependent and non-Internet-dependent users are different. Among the dimensions of "intimate relationships", the dimension of "level of closeness to another" in Internet-dependent users differs from non-dependent users. The findings also showed a significant difference between "value sharing dimension" and "joint activity" in Internet-dependent and non-Internet-dependent users. This means that cordial relationships among Internet-dependent users in the aforementioned dimensions are weaker than those of non-Internet users. But intimate relationships in the "dimension of knowing each other" and "the dimension of emotional relationships" between Internet users and non-Internet users are no different.

Music is one of the most widely used materials in audiovisual media production and is a constant concern of activists and researchers in the field. In addition to the functional aspects of social media, music has multiple functions in the production of these media. Although there are differences between the functions of music in radio and other visual media, especially television, but the important point is that there is a meaningful difference between the meaning of music played on the radio and the broadcast of the same music on television. Does the music heard on the radio create or evoke the same meaning for the television viewer or are these meanings different? This article seeks to answer this fundamental question. This is important because today's audio music productions and their conversion into music video clips and their broadcasts on the platforms of cyberspace or on radio and television are expanding. These clips are sometimes studio productions and sometimes live or video music concerts. Playing a piece of music on the radio can sometimes provide a place for the musician and his singer to perform a concert or studio clip and sometimes the dignity that a video player can create while radio player cannot. Why is this? This article seeks to answer the question: Is the meaning of music played by radio different from that of video broadcasting? Why? Each medium, according to its requirements, creates special meaning. Music in radio doesn't have similar meaning, as a video music or clip broadcast from TV. Music, only is a combination of sound of music instruments based on special principles that impacts audience feelings and emotions. If there is meaning in music, the listener can get it, only by evoke. If it is a music with lyric, the combination of these two texts, music and lyric possibility creates another meaning for the listener. If this piece of music is video music or clip, the viewer faces three twist texts: music, lyric, and image. Although, the music video is the original text, but the three texts have functional textuality that can change the meaning in the mind of viewer. To hear and see music from long ago to the present day, people have encountered two types of music: music in the present and music in the absence. Music is present when the music presented is in the presence of the individual and is witnessed when performing the music. In this case, most of the  presentpeople are influenced by the environment in which musical elements, including the instrumentalist and possibly the performer and possibly the singer, dominate and influence everything. Most of the time, people interact with music in the triple forms of emotional, emotional, or perceptual listening, and they rarely interact through just listening which is a very superficial type of listening. According to the library resources, music semiotic, textuality, and Requirements of getting meaning in each kind medium, this article, try to explain difference of music meaning in radio and video music or clip, that watch on TV.

The purpose of this research study is describing the identification of P5+1 group in Iran newspaper in the period between 2003 to 2013.  Today, different kinds of media contribute to foreign policy by influencing the public opinion and also shaping the image of different issues in the subject. So this paper focuses on the group identity of the P5+1 during the Iranian nuclear negotiation as a matter of public diplomacy in Iranian official newspaper which affiliated to government of Iran.  This research study which use content analysis method, shows that the identity in media is flowing and constructed, so the representation of each group of E3, Russia &China, the western group differs from time to time. Using Carl Schmitt’s words, the images represented in terms of enemy and friend.

Family sociologists believe that modernization is the most important factor in family transformations of developing countries. After the appearance of modernization in Iran, the family institution has experienced many changes in recent decades. After the Iranian Revolution, many policies and programs have been implemented to protect the family from the challenges of modernization. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the changes and transformations of the family in the context of modernization and its impact on Iran's policy makings in the field of family. The research is conducted by a qualitative method and the grounded theory approach has been used as the operational method of the research. The statistical sample of the research includes the citizens and the experts of Tabriz city. The sampling strategy is theoretical and the sampling method is purposeful. The findings indicate that modernization has made some changes in family patterns, in marriage rules, in family practices, in attitudes and patterns of childbearing, balance of power in the family, in leisure patterns and in attitudes and patterns of divorce. Also, the policies adopted by the governments after the revolution were not able to address the harms and challenges of the family. These policies are associated with some problems such as lack of a non-comprehensive policies or holistic approach to the family, having a harm-oriented approach to the family, existence of gnumerous family custodians, unclear family policies, unclear approaches achieving policies, ignoring family diversity, lack of a sociological insight into policies and the reduction of the semantic and conceptual meaning of the family to meet the basic needs.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the sociology of traditional and modern consumer lifestyle and some of its individual and social factors among Kerman citizens. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in Kerman in autumn 2016. The statistical population consisted of all citizens of Kerman over 18 years of age. 400 of them were selected and studied by multistage cluster sampling. Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on consumer lifestyle based on four components of leisure, body management, nutrition and shopping patterns in both traditional and modern dimensions. The results showed that respondents have a more traditional consumption lifestyle. Respondents had a more traditional style in subjects such as leisure, body management, nutrition, and shopping patterns, all four components of the consumer lifestyle. Traditional lifestyle shows a significant difference in terms of gender, age, marital status, and residential neighborhood. In addition, modern lifestyle showed a significant difference in age and marital status, but gender and residential neighborhood did not differ significantly from modern lifestyle. Also, there is a significant difference in consumption pattern in both traditional and modern dimensions in terms of socioeconomic status. In today’s context, the role of traditional institutions such as family and religion in socializing individuals is declining and some kind of cultural disruption is prevalent in society; in this context, individuals, especially young people, build a modern and distinct identity for themselves, influenced by modernity and consumer culture.

In this study, which was based on a quantitative (descriptive-survey) method, we have tried to examine the extent/ measures of the cultural boundaries and crossing between different lifestyle groups in Tehran. The statistical population included all citizens of Tehran who were 16 years old and up. The sample size included 625 who were selected by cluster multistage method. A questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The Cronbach's alpha rate of the questionnaire exceeded from 93%. Based on the data and factor analysis method, five types of lifestyle were obtained: "unprofessional", "unfit", "devious", "religious", "favorable". In Tehran, these five types of lifestyles are the basis of boundaries, cultural exchange, and the interactions of individuals. The results showed that the degree of cultural boundary and crossing was different from the types of lifestyle groups among Tehran residents. Also, the degree of cultural boundary and crossing over of lifestyle groups varies according to the individual characteristics of social actors such as social class, age, gender, education, and so on. For example :Higher social classes compared to lower social classes, high educated people compared to low educated people, men compared to women,   residents in higher clusters relative to residents in lower clusters, Tehrani compared to non-Tehrani, younger people compared to middle-aged and older, divorced and single compared to married and deceased spouses  cross cultural-social boundaries more. The significance level of all results was more than 99% and all hypotheses have been confirmed.

Today, the conflict between the private owners of cultural heritage and governments has been revealed in various areas. One of these areas is the discrepancy between intellectual property holders and institutions that hold cultural heritage, especially museums, libraries and archives. On the one hand, the holders of the rights are those who rely on their exclusive rights to prevent the exploitation of third parties and on the other hand, governments and public institutions are limiting the realm of private property and intellectual property management in the form of cultural heritage. Unfortunately, there are no specific rules or regulations to resolve this conflict. Therefore, the present paper analyzes the domains of this conflict by analytical-descriptive method and then provides a solution to solve it and measure the priority of public and private interests. It concludes at the end that this conflict and duality are obviously in all of the various branches of the author's rights. And thus, initially resorting to negotiation and, if not possible, the preference of the public interest on individual interests can be considered as a way to escape this conflict.